Hip Arthroscopy - Types, Procedure, Cost, Recovery, and Benefits.

What is Hip Arthroscopy? 

Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows orthopedic surgeons to view, diagnose, and treat problems within the hip joint using a device called an arthroscope. An arthroscope is a small, tube-like instrument equipped with a light and camera that transmits images to a monitor, giving surgeons a clear view of the interior of the joint. Through small incisions, additional instruments are inserted to perform the necessary repairs or treatments. 

This procedure is commonly used to address a wide range of hip conditions that may not respond well to conservative treatments like physical therapy, medication, or rest. Because hip arthroscopy uses small incisions rather than large cuts, it typically results in less pain, quicker recovery times, and reduced risk of complications when compared to traditional open surgeries. 

Hip arthroscopy is an advanced technique that has evolved significantly in recent years. Surgeons can now effectively manage conditions like labral tears, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), loose cartilage, inflamed synovial tissue, and other soft tissue problems. The ultimate goal of this procedure is to relieve hip pain, improve joint function, and prevent further joint deterioration. 

In essence, hip arthroscopy offers a valuable option for patients suffering from chronic hip problems, especially younger and active individuals looking to maintain an active lifestyle. While it is not suitable for every case, it is often an effective and less invasive alternative to open hip surgery. 

Why is Hip Arthroscopy Performed? 

Hip arthroscopy is performed to treat a variety of painful and often debilitating hip conditions that do not respond to non-surgical treatments. Patients are often advised to consider this procedure after conservative approaches like anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and joint injections have failed to provide sufficient relief. 

One of the most common reasons for undergoing a hip arthroscopy is a condition known as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). FAI occurs when there is abnormal bone growth on either the femoral head or the acetabulum (hip socket), causing the bones to rub together. Over time, this friction can damage the labrum and articular cartilage, leading to pain and limited mobility. 

Another frequent indication is a labral tear. The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the hip socket and provides stability and cushioning to the joint. Tears in the labrum can result from trauma, structural abnormalities, or repetitive stress, particularly in athletes and physically active individuals. Left untreated, labral tears can lead to chronic pain and joint instability. 

Hip arthroscopy is also beneficial in addressing: 

• Cartilage damage or delamination 
  

• Loose bodies (bone or cartilage fragments inside the joint) Synovitis (inflammation of the joint lining) 
  

• Ligamentum teres injuries 

• Snapping hip syndrome 
  

• Hip joint infections (in select cases) 
  

The procedure helps restore joint function, alleviate pain, and slow down the progression of degenerative joint diseases. In some cases, it may also delay or even prevent the need for more invasive surgeries such as total hip replacement. 

Notably, hip arthroscopy is also used for diagnostic purposes when imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs do not provide conclusive information. By directly visualizing the hip joint, surgeons can identify the exact cause of symptoms and determine the best course of treatment. 

Indications for Hip Arthroscopy 

Hip arthroscopy is considered for patients who exhibit specific symptoms and clinical findings that suggest intra-articular (inside the joint) problems. A thorough clinical evaluation, supported by imaging studies and physical examination, helps determine whether a patient is a suitable candidate for the procedure. 

Key indications for hip arthroscopy include: 

• Persistent Hip Pain: Chronic hip pain that lasts for more than three to six months and interferes with daily activities or athletic performance, especially when the pain is localized to the groin, side of the hip, or buttocks. 
  

• Mechanical Symptoms: Patients who report sensations of clicking, locking, catching, or giving way in the hip joint may have structural abnormalities that can be addressed arthroscopically. 
  

• Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI): Abnormal contact between the femoral head and the acetabular rim, often diagnosed with MRI and X-rays, is a leading reason for hip arthroscopy. 
  

• Labral Tears: Diagnosed through imaging or during physical exams, labral tears are one of the most common issues treated with hip arthroscopy. 
  

• Cartilage Damage: When cartilage in the hip joint is worn down or damaged due to injury or repetitive stress, arthroscopy can help debride, repair, or stimulate new cartilage growth. 
  

• Loose Bodies: Bone or cartilage fragments floating inside the joint space can cause pain, swelling, and movement limitations. These are commonly removed during arthroscopy. 
  

• Synovial Conditions: Inflammatory conditions like synovitis or pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) can be treated through arthroscopic techniques. 
  

• Hip Dysplasia (in mild cases): While severe dysplasia often requires different surgical approaches, mild dysplasia-related pain and labral pathology can sometimes be addressed arthroscopically. 
  

• Athletic Injuries: Athletes experiencing hip instability or overuse injuries often benefit from arthroscopy to repair minor injuries and return to sports.  
  

• Failed Conservative Treatments: When physical therapy, medications, and activity modifications fail to alleviate symptoms, hip arthroscopy becomes a reasonable next step. 
  

Each patient is evaluated individually, and the decision to proceed with surgery is based on a combination of symptoms, diagnostic imaging, physical findings, and lifestyle factors. The overarching goal is to restore function, alleviate discomfort, and preserve joint integrity. 

Types of Hip Arthroscopy 

While the term "hip arthroscopy" broadly refers to the use of an arthroscope to address hip joint issues, there are various techniques and approaches that can be tailored to the specific condition being treated. These can be considered subtypes or categories based on the pathology involved. 

1. Labral Repair or Reconstruction 
 This involves either stitching the torn labrum back to the acetabular rim (repair) or replacing the damaged labral tissue with a graft (reconstruction). The decision between repair and reconstruction depends on the severity and location of the damage. 

2. FAI Correction (Cam and Pincer Resection) 
 For patients with femoroacetabular impingement, excess bone is shaved off from the femoral head (cam lesion) or acetabular rim (pincer lesion) to restore normal joint movement and reduce cartilage wear. 

3. Chondroplasty and Microfracture 
 These techniques address cartilage damage. Chondroplasty smoothens rough cartilage surfaces, while microfracture creates small holes in the bone to promote the growth of new cartilage-like tissue. 

4. Synovectomy 
 Inflamed synovial tissue is removed to reduce joint irritation and inflammation. This is commonly done in patients with synovitis or PVNS. 

5. Removal of Loose Bodies 
 Any floating bone or cartilage fragments are removed to alleviate pain and prevent joint locking or catching. 

6. Ligamentum Teres Debridement or Reconstruction 
 In cases of partial tearing or fraying of the ligamentum teres, surgeons may remove the damaged portion or reconstruct the ligament to restore hip stability. 

7. Iliopsoas Tendon Release 
 For patients with snapping hip syndrome or internal hip impingement, releasing the iliopsoas tendon arthroscopically can relieve painful snapping sensations. 

8. Capsular Management 
 The joint capsule may be tightened (capsular plication) or closed (capsular repair) to improve stability, particularly in patients with hypermobility or after extensive reshaping of bone structures. 

While the above procedures are all performed arthroscopically, the choice of technique depends on the patient’s diagnosis, age, activity level, and the surgeon’s assessment during pre-operative planning and intraoperative findings. 

Hip arthroscopy continues to evolve with advances in surgical instruments, imaging, and rehabilitation protocols. These improvements are making the procedure more effective, reducing recovery time, and helping patients return to their desired level of activity with fewer complications. 

Contraindications for Hip Arthroscopy 

While hip arthroscopy offers significant benefits for many patients, it is not suitable for everyone. Certain medical conditions, anatomical issues, or disease progressions may make a person an unsuitable candidate for this procedure. Understanding the contraindications helps ensure patient safety and improves the likelihood of successful outcomes. 

1. Advanced Hip Arthritis 
 Patients with significant osteoarthritis or joint space narrowing may not benefit from hip arthroscopy. The procedure is less effective in treating severe cartilage loss, and these patients are more likely to require total hip replacement. 

2. Joint Space Narrowing (<2mm) 
 Radiographic evidence of a joint space narrowing to less than 2 millimeters typically indicates advanced degeneration. Arthroscopy is unlikely to provide relief in these situations and may even exacerbate symptoms. 

3. Severe Hip Dysplasia 
 Hip dysplasia, characterized by a shallow hip socket, may require more invasive procedures like periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) rather than arthroscopy. Arthroscopic techniques alone may not sufficiently address structural deficiencies. 

4. Ankylosed Hip (Fusion of the Joint) 
 If the hip joint is fused or exhibits extremely limited mobility due to past trauma or surgery, inserting an arthroscope and performing treatment becomes nearly impossible. 

5. Active Infection 
 Any current infection in the body, particularly near the hip joint, poses a significant risk during surgery. Patients must be infection-free before undergoing hip arthroscopy. 

6. Vascular or Neurological Disorders 
 Patients with poor circulation, nerve disorders affecting the hip, or clotting disorders may be at higher risk of complications and might need alternative forms of treatment. 

7. Poor Overall Health 
 Patients with uncontrolled diabetes, heart disease, or those on immunosuppressive therapies may not tolerate surgery or anesthesia well. A comprehensive pre-operative evaluation is necessary to assess surgical fitness. 

Each case is evaluated individually, and your surgeon will consider all risk factors, imaging results, and your overall health before recommending hip arthroscopy as the best course of action. 

How to Prepare for Hip Arthroscopy 

Preparation plays a key role in the success and safety of hip arthroscopy. Once the decision to proceed is made, a detailed pre-operative plan is created, tailored to each patient's health status, diagnosis, and specific surgical goals. 

1. Medical Evaluation and Imaging 
 Your doctor will order diagnostic imaging such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to clearly visualize the condition of the hip joint. These tests help confirm the diagnosis and guide surgical planning. 

2. Pre-Surgical Testing 
 Routine blood tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), and possibly chest X-rays are conducted to evaluate general health. Patients with pre-existing conditions may need clearance from specialists such as cardiologists or endocrinologists. 

3. Medication Management 
 Patients may need to stop taking certain medications that can increase bleeding risk, such as blood thinners (aspirin, warfarin, etc.) or anti-inflammatory drugs. Always follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. 

4. Lifestyle Modifications 
 Maintaining a healthy lifestyle prior to surgery can aid recovery. Patients are encouraged to quit smoking, reduce alcohol consumption, and maintain a balanced diet. Smoking, in particular, can impair wound healing and increase the risk of complications. 

5. Discuss Anesthesia 
 Hip arthroscopy is typically performed under general anesthesia. Your anesthesiologist will review your medical history, discuss any concerns, and explain the anesthesia plan during the pre-op appointment. 

6. Arrange for Post-Operative Support 
 Since mobility may be limited after surgery, patients should arrange for someone to drive them home and assist with daily tasks for a few days. Crutches or a walker may be required temporarily. 

7. Fasting Instructions 
 Patients are usually asked not to eat or drink for at least 6–8 hours before surgery. Your surgical team will provide specific instructions based on the scheduled time. 

Preparing both physically and mentally for hip arthroscopy is crucial. Following these steps helps minimize complications, ensures smoother surgery, and accelerates recovery after hip arthroscopy. 

Before the Procedure

1. Check-In and Pre-Op Prep:
   1. You’ll arrive at the hospital or surgical center a few hours before surgery.
   2. A nurse will review your medical history and ensure all consent forms are signed.
   3. You’ll change into a surgical gown and have an intravenous (IV) line started for fluids and medication.
2. Anesthesia:
   1. A general anesthetic is administered to keep you asleep and pain-free throughout the procedure.
   2. A regional nerve block may also be used for additional pain control after surgery.

During the Procedure

1. Positioning:
   1. You’ll be placed on a traction table to gently pull the hip joint apart, creating space for the arthroscopic instruments.
2. Incision and Access:
   1. The surgeon makes two to three small incisions (usually less than 1 cm each) around the hip area.
   2. Through one incision, the arthroscope is inserted to visualize the joint interior.
   3. Additional portals are created for surgical tools to perform the necessary treatment.
3. Treatment:
   1. Depending on your diagnosis, the surgeon may perform labral repair, cartilage smoothing, bone reshaping (for FAI), or other interventions.
   2. High-definition monitors guide the surgeon in real-time for precision.
4. Closure:
   1. Once treatment is complete, instruments are removed, and incisions are closed with sutures or surgical glue.
   2. A sterile bandage is applied.

After the Procedure

1. Recovery Room:
   1. You’ll be taken to a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) for monitoring.
   2. Pain levels, vital signs, and surgical outcomes are assessed.
2. Discharge Instructions:
   1. Most patients go home the same day.
   2. You’ll receive medications, a physical therapy plan, and instructions on wound care and activity restrictions.
3. Crutches and Mobility:
   1. Crutches or a walker may be used for the first few days or weeks, depending on the procedure’s complexity.
   2. Weight-bearing guidelines will be provided by your surgeon.

Risks and Complications of Hip Arthroscopy

Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive and generally safe procedure. However, like all surgeries, it carries some potential risks. Most complications are rare and manageable with timely care.

Common Risks

1. Swelling and Bruising
    Mild swelling and bruising around the hip or thigh are common after surgery. These usually subside within a few days.
2. Postoperative Pain
    Some discomfort is expected, but it can typically be controlled with prescribed pain medication and improves over time.
3. Stiffness or Reduced Mobility
    Temporary stiffness or limited range of motion may occur, especially in the early recovery period. Physical therapy helps restore movement.
4. Numbness or Tingling
    This may occur due to the traction used during surgery. It usually resolves within a few weeks.
5. Bleeding or Hematoma Formation
    Minor bleeding is normal. In rare cases, a hematoma (blood collection) may need observation or medical attention.

Rare Risks

1. Infection
    Infections are rare (less than 1% risk). Signs like redness, fever, or wound drainage should be reported immediately.
2. Nerve or Blood Vessel Injury
    Although very uncommon, nearby nerves or blood vessels could be injured during surgery.
3. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
    Blood clots can develop from reduced mobility. Preventive measures like leg exercises or blood thinners may be advised.
4. Instrument Breakage
    Extremely rare, but if a surgical instrument breaks inside the joint, additional procedures might be necessary.
5. Hip Instability or Dislocation
    This may happen if the joint capsule is not properly repaired during surgery. It's uncommon and typically preventable.
6. Incomplete Symptom Relief
    While many patients improve significantly, some may continue to have symptoms and require further treatment.

Recovery After Hip Arthroscopy 

Recovery after hip arthroscopy varies by individual, depending on the specific procedure performed and the condition being treated. Most patients experience a gradual return to normal activities over several weeks or months.

1. Immediate Post-Operative Phase (0–2 Weeks)

• Patients may experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort, which are managed with prescribed medications.
• Ice packs and elevation can help reduce inflammation.
• Crutches are typically needed to limit weight-bearing, especially if bone or cartilage work was performed.
• A follow-up visit is usually scheduled within the first two weeks to monitor healing and remove sutures.

2. Early Recovery Phase (2–6 Weeks)

• Physical therapy starts with gentle range-of-motion exercises.
• Patients begin walking and performing light daily activities under medical supervision.
• Pain and swelling continue to subside gradually.

3. Intermediate Recovery Phase (6–12 Weeks)

• Physical therapy progresses to include strengthening and flexibility exercises.
• Many patients are able to return to office work or light-duty tasks.
• Athletes may start sport-specific rehab, but full training is usually not yet advised.

4. Long-Term Recovery (3–6 Months)

• Most patients return to regular activity, including high-impact exercise and sports.
• Continued rehabilitation helps maintain strength, mobility, and long-term joint health.

Benefits of Hip Arthroscopy

Hip arthroscopy offers several important advantages, particularly for patients with early-stage joint issues or mechanical abnormalities in the hip.

1. Minimally Invasive

• Involves small incisions, resulting in less tissue disruption.
• Leads to shorter recovery time compared to open surgery.

2. Pain Relief

• Aims to reduce or eliminate chronic hip pain.
• Especially effective for conditions like labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

3. Improved Joint Function

• Helps restore normal joint movement and stability.
• Enables patients to move more comfortably and efficiently.

4. Delay or Prevention of Arthritis

• Addresses mechanical issues before they worsen.
• May slow the progression of degenerative joint disease.

5. Quick Return to Activity

• Many patients, especially athletes, can resume training within a few months.
• Encourages earlier return to sports or physical routines, depending on the case.

6. Diagnostic Clarity

• Provides direct visualization of the hip joint.
• Useful for confirming uncertain diagnoses and guiding further treatment plans.

Overall, hip arthroscopy can greatly enhance quality of life for patients with persistent hip problems that haven’t responded to conservative treatment options.

Hip Arthroscopy vs. Total Hip Replacement 

In some cases, patients may be advised to consider total hip replacement (THR) instead of arthroscopy. The decision depends on the severity of the joint damage, age, lifestyle, and expected outcomes.

Hip arthroscopy is often preferred for early intervention, whereas THR is the go-to option for advanced degeneration. Your orthopedic surgeon will determine the most appropriate approach. 

Cost of Hip Arthroscopy in India 

The average cost of hip arthroscopy in India typically ranges from ₹90,000 to ₹2,50,000.Costs may vary depending on the hospital, location, room type, and associated complications. 

To know the exact cost, contact us now.  

Hip Arthroscopy in Apollo Hospitals India offers significant cost savings compared to Western countries, with immediate appointments and better recovery times.  

Explore affordable Hip Arthroscopy options in India with this essential guide for patients and caregivers 

FAQs About Hip Arthroscopy 

1. What should I eat before Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Before Hip Arthroscopy, maintain a light diet with fiber, lean proteins, and complex carbs. Avoid heavy meals the night before surgery and follow fasting instructions—usually no food or drink 6–8 hours before the procedure. Apollo Hospitals will guide you on personalized pre-op dietary precautions. 

2. What is the best diet after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Post-surgery, focus on protein, calcium, and anti-inflammatory foods. Include lean meats, leafy greens, citrus fruits, legumes, and whole grains. Hydrate well and avoid alcohol or processed foods to support healing. Apollo Hospitals’ nutritionists may offer a customized recovery diet plan. 

3. Can elderly patients undergo Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Yes, selected elderly patients in good health can benefit from Hip Arthroscopy. Apollo Hospitals evaluates each case carefully, and in some cases, a hip replacement may be more appropriate for advanced degeneration. 

4. Is Hip Arthroscopy safe for obese individuals? 
 Yes, but obesity can increase complication risks and slow recovery. Apollo Hospitals may recommend weight management before surgery and tailor physiotherapy plans to ensure safe rehabilitation for obese patients. 

5. How is Hip Arthroscopy different in India compared to abroad? 
 India offers expert surgeons, internationally accredited hospitals like Apollo Hospitals, and advanced care at a fraction of the cost seen in the US or Europe. With no waiting lists and personalized care, it’s a preferred destination for medical tourists. 

6. Is Hip Arthroscopy done for children or teenagers? 
 Yes. Pediatric Hip Arthroscopy is used for labral tears, hip impingement, or loose bodies. Apollo Hospitals’ pediatric orthopedic teams ensure the procedure is tailored to the child’s anatomy and development stage. 

7. Can I walk immediately after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Crutches are typically needed right after surgery. Most patients walk unaided within 1–4 weeks, depending on the procedure. Apollo Hospitals provides guided physiotherapy to help restore mobility safely. 

8. When can I drive after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 You may resume driving in 1–3 weeks, provided you're off pain meds and can control the vehicle safely. Apollo Hospitals’ doctors will evaluate your hip mobility before giving clearance. 

9. How long will the pain last after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Pain usually lasts 1–2 weeks and gradually subsides with proper rest, medication, and rehab. Apollo Hospitals ensures pain is well managed during your recovery. 

10. Is physical therapy necessary after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Yes. Rehabilitation is key to restoring hip strength and function. Apollo Hospitals designs custom rehab programs to help patients regain full activity faster and safely. 

11. Will I need a second surgery after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Usually not. Most patients recover with one procedure, but complex conditions may need revision surgery. Apollo Hospitals closely monitors your recovery to detect any need for further intervention. 

12. How do I care for the surgical wound after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Keep the area dry and clean. Don’t soak in water until your doctor approves. Apollo Hospitals provides detailed wound care instructions and support for early signs of infection. 

13. What if I have metal allergies during Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Inform your surgeon in advance. Hip Arthroscopy usually doesn’t require metal implants, but if needed, Apollo Hospitals can use hypoallergenic materials to ensure safety. 

14. Will Hip Arthroscopy affect fertility or childbirth? 
 No. The procedure doesn’t affect fertility or childbirth. Most women can have normal deliveries post-recovery unless other medical conditions interfere. 

15. Is long-term follow-up required after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Yes. Apollo Hospitals recommends regular follow-ups to monitor healing, prevent recurrence, and ensure long-term hip function and mobility. 

16. Can the condition return after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 It’s possible if post-op care or rehab is ignored. At Apollo Hospitals, patients receive education and support to minimize the risk of recurrence through proper rehabilitation and activity modifications. 

17. What should I avoid after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Avoid squatting, twisting, high-impact sports, and crossing your legs until cleared by your surgeon. Apollo Hospitals provides a detailed recovery plan with do’s and don’ts. 

18. Is Hip Arthroscopy a permanent solution? 
 It provides long-lasting relief, especially when done early. However, age-related degeneration may still occur. Apollo Hospitals monitors patients to manage long-term joint health. 

19. How do the costs of Hip Arthroscopy in India compare with other countries? 
 Hip Arthroscopy in India is significantly more affordable—often 60–80% lower than in the US, UK, or Australia. At Apollo Hospitals, you receive high-quality care at a lower cost without compromising outcomes. 

20. How does the waiting period for Hip Arthroscopy in India compare to abroad? 
 In India, especially at Apollo Hospitals, the waiting time is minimal. You can often get surgery within days of diagnosis, unlike countries where waiting lists may stretch for months. 

21. What is the quality of post-surgical rehab for Hip Arthroscopy in India? 
 Apollo Hospitals offers world-class post-surgery rehab with certified physiotherapists, advanced equipment, and personalized programs, rivalling international standards at much lower costs. 

22. Are Indian surgeons experienced in performing Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Yes. Many orthopedic surgeons at Apollo Hospitals are internationally trained and have vast experience in minimally invasive procedures, including Hip Arthroscopy, matching global expertise. 

23. Can I undergo Hip Arthroscopy if I have high blood pressure? 
 Yes, you can, provided your blood pressure is well-controlled. At Apollo Hospitals, your cardiovascular status will be carefully evaluated before surgery to minimize any risks during the procedure. 

24. Is Hip Arthroscopy safe for diabetic patients? 
 Yes, it is safe with proper blood sugar control. At Apollo Hospitals, your diabetes management plan will be reviewed and optimized before surgery to reduce complications and support healing. 

25. How does diabetes affect recovery after Hip Arthroscopy? 
 Diabetes can slightly slow wound healing and increase infection risk. Apollo Hospitals provides personalized post-operative care and glucose monitoring to ensure a smooth recovery. 

Conclusion 

Hip arthroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for diagnosing and treating a wide range of hip problems with minimal disruption. It offers substantial benefits including pain relief, improved mobility, and faster recovery, particularly for younger and active individuals. While not suitable for all cases, it is a safe and effective option for many. 

If you're experiencing chronic hip pain that isn’t responding to conservative treatments, consult an orthopedic specialist to explore whether hip arthroscopy is right for you. Early intervention can make a meaningful difference in your quality of life.